How we work

Methodology and sources

This is medical-adjacent content, so we hold it to a higher bar. Every clinically-relevant claim on the site is mapped to a specific source and phrased to match what that source actually shows. Below is how we fact-check, the full reference list, and how the quizzes are built.

How we fact-check

We sort claims into three confidence levels and write accordingly:

A few examples of that discipline in practice: we say rejection engages brain circuitry that overlaps with physical pain, never that "the brain can't tell the difference" (later research shows separable patterns). We attribute the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire to Downey & Feldman (1996), not "Dodson." We treat the evolutionary account of exclusion as an idea scientists hold, not a proven fact. And we do not publish the "take acetaminophen for heartbreak" claim as advice, because the evidence is weak and the safety risk is real.

The quizzes are educational, not diagnostic

Our quizzes are for self-reflection. They cannot diagnose anything, they run entirely in your browser, and they never save or send your answers. Each one is adapted from a published measure. Where reuse terms for exact wording are unclear, we write original educational items based on the underlying construct and cite the original authors here rather than reproducing protected text.

This site shares general education grounded in research. It isnot medical advice and is not a diagnostic tool. For anything affecting your health, safety, or daily life, please talk with a licensed professional. In a crisis, see help now.

Full reference list

  1. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (2022). 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988lifeline.org.Resource

    In the U.S., people in distress can call or text 988 to reach the free, confidential 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, available 24/7.

    View source →
  2. Baumeister & Leary (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin.Review

    The need to belong is a fundamental human motivation, and lacking stable, caring connection harms wellbeing.

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  3. Canfield & Hansen (reported) (1993). Chicken Soup for the Soul publishing history. Author interviews and press coverage.Article

    The first Chicken Soup for the Soul book was reportedly turned down 144 times before a publisher took it on.

  4. Downey & Feldman (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Study

    Rejection sensitivity is a validated research construct, the tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to rejection, measured by the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire.

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  5. Eisenberger, Lieberman & Williams (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science.Study

    Social rejection engages brain circuitry that overlaps with the affective (distress) side of physical pain, which is part of why it can feel like real pain.

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  6. Fisher, Brown, Aron, Strong & Mashek (2010). Reward, addiction, and emotion regulation systems associated with rejection in love. Journal of Neurophysiology.Study

    Romantic rejection activates dopamine-driven reward and craving circuitry, which helps explain the urge to obsess over a former partner.

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  7. Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary & Brumbaugh (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships—Relationship Structures questionnaire (ECR-RS): A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment.Study

    The ECR-RS measures adult attachment along two dimensions, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, which together describe how people respond when closeness feels uncertain.

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  8. Greenhouse (2024). Candidate Experience Report (2024). Greenhouse Software.Report

    61% of U.S. job seekers in the 2024 report said they were ghosted after a job interview, and 18 to 22% of jobs posted on the Greenhouse platform in a given quarter were classified as "ghost jobs."

  9. Hartgerink, van Beest, Wicherts & Williams (2015). The ordinal effects of ostracism: A meta-analysis of 120 Cyberball studies. PLOS ONE.Meta-analysis

    Across 120 Cyberball studies (about 11,869 people), being excluded reliably causes real distress, a large and one of the most replicated effects in social psychology.

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  10. Hazan & Shaver (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Study

    Adult romantic bonds can be understood through attachment theory, with people tending toward secure, anxious, or avoidant patterns in close relationships.

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  11. International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) (2024). Crisis Centres directory. iasp.info.Resource

    The IASP maintains an international directory of crisis centres and suicide-prevention resources by country.

    View source →
  12. Kross, Berman, Mischel, Smith & Wager (2011). Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).Study

    Intense social rejection can also engage somatosensory brain regions involved in physical pain sensation.

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  13. Leary (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.Study

    Fear of negative evaluation, the worry about being judged unfavorably by others, is a measurable trait assessed by the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE).

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  14. Leary, Tate, Adams, Allen & Hancock (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Study

    People higher in self-compassion react to rejection and other unpleasant self-relevant events with less defensiveness and less emotional reactivity.

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  15. Liao (2016). Why You Should Aim for 100 Rejections a Year. Literary Hub.Article

    Writer Kim Liao reframes rejection as a goal: aiming for 100 rejections a year means you are submitting your work often enough that some yeses become likely.

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  16. Madeleine L'Engle (biographical record) (1962). Publishing history of A Wrinkle in Time. Biographical and press accounts.Article

    Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time was rejected about 26 times before publication, after which it won the Newbery Medal.

  17. Neff (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity.Study

    Self-compassion, treating yourself with the kindness you would offer a friend, is a measurable trait linked to greater emotional resilience.

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  18. Pennebaker & Beall (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.Study

    Writing privately about an upsetting experience for a few sessions can, for some people, support modest improvements in wellbeing over time (a moderate effect).

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  19. Sbarra, Smith & Mehl (2012). When leaving your ex, love yourself: Observational ratings of self-compassion predict the course of emotional recovery following marital separation. Psychological Science.Study

    After a marital separation, people who showed more self-compassion tended to recover emotionally faster, an effect observed across roughly nine months.

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  20. Stephen King (2000). On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. Scribner.Book

    Stephen King has recounted throwing the early manuscript of Carrie in the trash in discouragement, after which his wife Tabitha retrieved it.

  21. Stockett (reported in More magazine) (2009). Kathryn Stockett on the path to publishing The Help. More magazine / press interviews.Article

    Kathryn Stockett has said her novel The Help was rejected about 60 times before it was published and became a bestseller.

  22. ThroughLine / Find A Helpline (2024). Find A Helpline. findahelpline.com.Resource

    Find A Helpline is a free directory that lists vetted, free, and confidential support lines by country.

    View source →
  23. Williams (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology.Review

    Scientists believe our strong reaction to exclusion may have deep evolutionary roots, because being cut off from the group once threatened survival (an idea, not a proven fact).

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  24. Woo, Koban, Kross, Lindquist, Banich, Ruzic, Andrews-Hanna & Wager (2014). Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection. Nature Communications.Study

    Physical pain and social rejection have separable neural patterns, so it is not accurate to say the brain cannot tell the difference between them.

    View source →